@article{Bhattarai_2020, title={Clinical Profile and Endoscopic Findings in Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study}, volume={58}, url={http://www.jnma.com.np/jnma/index.php/jnma/article/view/4967}, DOI={10.31729/jnma.4967}, abstractNote={<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common acute medical emergency. Endoscopy<br>is the gold standard diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the management of upper gastrointestinal<br>bleed. This study was undertaken to address the clinical profile, endoscopic profile, and outcomes in<br>patients with upper gastrointestinal bleed.</p> <p><br><strong>Methods</strong>: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in<br>Gandaki Province, Nepal from January 2018 to December 2019 after obtaining ethical clearance<br>from Institutional Review Committee (MEMG/IRC/291/GA) and informed consent from<br>the patient or patient relatives. The sample size was calculated. Six hundred and sixty patients<br>with upper gastrointestinal bleed were included in the study. Data entry was done in Statistical<br>Packages for the Social Sciences version 20.</p> <p><br><strong>Results</strong>: Peptic ulcers and ruptured oesophageal varices are the common aetiologies of upper<br>gastrointestinal bleed. Inpatient mortality was seen in 98 (14.8 %) patients. Upper gastrointestinal<br>bleed of variceal etiology presents with a higher Rockall score and has more chances of rebleeding<br>and has higher mortality than those with non-variceal aetiologies. Bad prognostic factors were<br>rebleeding, variceal etiology, and comorbidities including cirrhotic and Rockall score > 6.</p> <p><br><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common acute medical emergency. Early upper<br>gastrointestinal endoscopy preferably within 24 hours is recommended for diagnosis, timely<br>intervention, and management of the patients with an upper gastrointestinal bleed that helps in<br>reducing morbidity and mortality.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>}, number={226}, journal={Journal of Nepal Medical Association}, author={Bhattarai, Subash}, year={2020}, month={Jun.}, pages={409–415} }