Role of S-100 Immunostain as An Auxiliary Diagnostic Aid in Leprosy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31729/jnma.2919Keywords:
Keywords: Bacillary index; Leprosy; S-100 immunostainAbstract
Introduction: Histopathologic diagnosis of leprosy is difficult when Bacillary Index (BI) is zero and neural involvement are not easily identifiable on routine Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. This study was undertaken to study the role of S-100 immunostaining in demonstrating different patterns of nerve involvement in various types of leprosy.
Methods: Thirty one skin biopsies with clinico-histopathologic diagnoses of leprosy over a period of two years were included in the study. Ten cases of non-lepromatous granulomatous dermatoses (including eight cases of lupus vulgaris and two cases of erythema nodosum) were used as controls. Tissue sections from all cases and controls were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain, Fite stain and S-100 immunostain. The H&E stained slides were used to study the histopathological features, Fite stained slides for Bacillary Index and S-100 for nerve changes.
Results: Neural changes could be demonstrated in the entire spectrum of leprosy using S-100 immunostaining. The most common pattern of nerve destruction in the tuberculoid spectrum was fragmented and infiltrated whereas lepromatous spectrum showed mostly fragmented nerve twigs. Intact nerves were not detected in any of the leprosy cases.
Conclusions: S-100 immunostain is a useful auxiliary aid to the routine H&E stain in the diagnosis of leprosy especially tuberculoid spectrum and intermediate leprosy.
Keywords: bacillary index; leprosy; S-100 immunostain.
References
2. Mohanraj A, Srinivasan S. Role of S-100 immunostaining in demonstration of nerve changes and quantification of dendritic cells in leprosy. JCDR. 2014 Mar;8(3):38-40. [PubMed]
3. Gupta SK, Nigam S, Mandal AK, Kumar V. S-100 as a useful auxiliary diagnostic aid in tuberculoid leprosy. J Cutan Pathol. 2006; 33: 482-86. [PubMed]
4. Thomas MM, Jacob M, Chandi SM, George S, Pulimood S, Jeyaseelan L, Job CK. Role of S-100 staining in differentiating leprosy from other granulomatous disease of the skin. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1999 Mar; 67(1):1-5. [PubMed]
5. Fleuri RN, Bacchi CE. S-100 protein and immunoperoxidase technique as an aid in the histopathologic diagnosis of leprosy. Int J Lepr. 1987;55(2):338-44. [PubMed]
6. Ismail EA. Comparison of leprosy and Non-leprosy Granulomas by using S100 protein. JMRI 2007;28(2):181-4. Lucas S. Bacterial Diseases. In: Elder DE, editor. Lever′s Histopathology of the skin. 10th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2009.p.558-66. [Full Text]
7. Ridley DS. Histological classification and the immunological spectrum of leprosy. Bull World Health Organization. 1974;51:451. [PubMed]
8. Lowy L. Processing of biopsies for leprosy bacilli. J Med Lab Technol. 1956;13:558. [PubMed]
9. Lucas S. Bacterial Diseases. In: Elder DE, editor. Lever′s Histopathology of the skin. 10th Ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2009.p.558-66.Briton WJ, Lockwood DNJ. leprosy. Lancet. 2004;363:1201-19.
10. Noordeen SK. Eliminating leprosy as a public health problem. Int J Lepr. 1995;63:559. [PubMed]
11. Briton WJ, Lockwood DNJ. leprosy. Lancet. 2004;363:1201-19. [PubMed]
12. Tirumalae R, Stany AI, Shanubhogue S, Yeliur IK. S-100 immunostaining in the distinction of Borderline Tuberculoid leprosy from other cutaneous granulomas. Indian J Dermatol. 2014;59(4):421. [PubMed]
13. Khan AR. S-100 protein in the diagnosis of tuberculoid/ borderline tuberculoid leprosy. Ann Saudi Med. 1998;14(4):305-7. [PubMed]
14. Job CK, Drain V, Deming AT, Hastings RC, Gerber MA. Role of S-100 protein as a marker for Schwann cells in the diagnosis of tuberculoid leprosy. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1990;58(2):392-3. [PubMed]
15. Singh N, Arora VK, Ramam M, Tickoo SK, Bhatia A. An evaluation of S-100 stain in the histological diagnosis of Tuberculoid leprosy and other graulomatous dermatoses. Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1994 Jun;62(2):263-7. [PubMed]
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
JNMA allow to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of its articles and allow readers to use them for any other lawful purpose. The author(s) are allowed to retain publishing rights without restrictions. The JNMA work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. More about Copyright Policy.
