Water Sanitation in Kathmandu and its impact on Health: Challenges, Effort and Recommendations

Abstract

In Nepal, around 42% of the population lives below the poverty line, with only 27% having access to modern and improved sanitation. Proper water sanitation is critical to protecting public health and limiting the spread of waterborne infections. Kathmandu Valley faces substantial water sanitation challenges that directly influence public health. The city’s water supply is insufficient, unstable, and of poor quality. The lack of safe drinking water and adequate sanitation facilities contributes to a high burden of waterborne diseases. Nationally, an estimated 44,000 children under five dies annually from waterborne illnesses, a burden to which Kathmandu’s infrastructure deficits significantly contribute. Key challenges include poor environmental conditions, water pollution, inadequate funding, and insufficient political will. This article examines Kathmandu’s sanitation standards, analyzes their public health impacts, reviews current efforts, and offers recommendations for sustainable improvement.