@article{Vaidya_Lakhey_KC_Hirachand_2013, title={Urothelial Tumours of the Urinary Bladder: A Histopathological Study of Cystoscopic Biopsies}, volume={52}, url={https://www.jnma.com.np/jnma/index.php/jnma/article/view/2053}, DOI={10.31729/jnma.2053}, abstractNote={<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Bladder tumours constitute one of the most common urological conditions. Urothelial<br />(transitional cell) carcinoma accounts for 90% of all primary tumours of the bladder. These tumours<br />are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to present the<br />histopathological patterns of urothelial tumours and to determine the grade and stage of these<br />tumours.</p><p><br /><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a 3 year descriptive study of urothelial tumours carried out in the Department<br />of Pathology, Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS), Lalitpur, Nepal. Data of all cystoscopic<br />biopsies collected during this period were analyzed.</p><p><br /><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 83 urinary bladder tumours, 81 (97.59%) cases were urothelial (transitional cell)<br />tumours. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was the most common bladder tumour which was seen<br />in 67 (80.72%) cases. Thirty two (47.76%) cases of TCC were low grade while 35 (52.24%) were high<br />grade. Forty three (64.18%) cases of TCC were superficial or in early stage (pTa and pT1) while 24<br />(35.82%) showed muscle invasion.</p><p><br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Transitional cell carcinoma was the most common bladder cancer. Most of these<br />tumours were high grade. A large percentage of high grade carcinomas presented with muscle<br />invasion. Pathological grade and muscle invasion are the most valuable prognostic predictors<br />of survival. The importance of including smooth muscle in the biopsy specimens needs to be<br />emphasized.<br />_______________________________________________________________________________________<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> cancer; high grade; low grade; transitional tumour; urinary bladder.<br />_______________________________________________________________________________________</p>}, number={191}, journal={Journal of Nepal Medical Association}, author={Vaidya, Sujan and Lakhey, Mamata and KC, Sabira and Hirachand, Suspana}, year={2013}, month={Sep.} }