Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis among Patients with Glomerular Disease Undergoing Kidney Biopsy in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a form of glomerular disease that needs immunosuppressive therapy, which, if untreated, can lead to end-stage renal disease. Ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopy is essential to distinguish primary from other forms of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis among patients with glomerular diseases undergoing kidney biopsy in a tertiary care centre.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Nephrology from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2022. Data were collected after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 473/2079/80). The data from clinical and laboratory records of patients with the glomerular disease who underwent kidney biopsy were obtained. Data was collected by using convenience sampling. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated.

Results: Among 213 patients with glomerular disease undergoing kidney biopsy, 22 (10.33%) (6.24-14.42, 95% Confidence Interval) were diagnosed with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. All patients had nephrotic range proteinuria, but 2 (9.09%) patients had no features of nephrotic syndrome. Microscopic hematuria was found in 4 (18.18%) patients.

Conclusions: The prevalence of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was lower than in other studies done in similar settings.